SPECIAL EDITION

Volume IV No.9                        Nicholas Scrolls                         January 2009

The Land where GOD walked as a Man

Part Three

 

 

Dear brethren, friends and neighbors,

 

Greetings and shalom to you and your all your household. This is Part III of the special Edition of the Nicholas Scrolls detailing out my most recent journey through Jordan and Israel. In Part II we traveled from the beautiful resort city of Eilat on the northernmost tip of the Red Sea northward through the Dead Sea region visiting extraordinary sites like the mountain fortress of Masada where 1000 Jewish rebels took their own lives as free men rather than being subjected to a life of slavery, the En Gedi Nature Reserve where David pursued Saul and in a act of compassion spared his life and Qumran where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. Our next stop on the way to Tiberias will be the ancient Roman Decapolis city of Bet She ‘an.

 

Fertile Rich Jordan Valley

 

Leaving Qumran, our trek northward along highway 90 took us along the eastern edge of the Jordan valley passing through the Judean Desert Mountains and then Samaria. The eastern view showed a rich and fertile valley shared by both Israel and Jordan. It is difficult to see where the border was between the two countries because the valley is thick with greenery, forests, fruit orchards and irrigated agricultural lands on both sides of the Jordan River.

 

A Divided Land - Israel

 

To our west as seen on the road map of Israel we were provided, one sees an extraordinary amount of territory given over to Palestinian control in both Judea and Samaria. Towns like Hebron and Bethlehem to the south of Jerusalem and Ramallah, Nablus (Shechem) and Jenin to the north are all under the control of Palestinian authorities. These areas marked by yellow and beige colors indicate the Israeli-Palestinian agreement of authority. The areas marked in beige indicate Palestinian responsibility for civil affairs, internal security and public affairs. The areas marked in yellow generally surround all the beige colored territories which are still under Palestinian responsibility for civil affairs and public order but are controlled militarily by Israel for the security of all Israeli citizens. All travelers are cautioned not to enter Palestinian controlled areas unless prior authorization has been given by the appropriate authorities. Visitors desiring to enter these sensitive areas often must go through military or police check points and have Passports ready in hand for scrutiny. We were careful to avoid these areas because of increasing civil unrest and tensions brewing between the Hamas terrorists in Gaza and Israel.

 

Hamas fired 24 rockets into southern Israel while we were on tour in Israel. What you won’t learn from media sources about this 2000 year old conflict is that Palestine has never really had its own national identity. “Prior to the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, there was no serious movement for a Palestinian homeland.”

 

Myths of the Middle East by Joseph Farar, an Arab American

 

“In the Six-Day War, Israel captured Judea, Samaria and East Jerusalem. But they didn’t capture these territories from Yassar Arafat. They captured them from Jordan’s King Hussein. I can’t help but wonder why all these Palestinians suddenly discovered their national identity after Israel won the war.

 

“The truth is that Palestine is no more real than Never-Never Land. The first time the name, “Palestine” was used was in 70AD when the Romans committed genocide against the Jews, smashed the Temple and declared the Land of Israel would be no more. From that time forward the Romans promised it would be known as Palestine. This name was derived from the Philistines, a Goliathian peoples conquered by the Jews centuries earlier. It was a way for the Romans to add insult to injury. They also tried to change the name of Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina, but that had even less staying power.

 

Palestine has never existed – before or since – as an autonomous entity. It was ruled alternately by Rome, by Islamic and Christian crusaders, by the Ottoman Empire and briefly by the British after WWI. The British agreed to restore at least part of the land back to the Jewish people as their homeland.

 

“There is no language known as Palestinian. There is no distinct Palestinian culture. There has never been a land known as Palestine governed by Palestinians. Palestinians are Arabs, indistinguishable from Jordanians (another recent invention), Syrians, Lebanese, Iraqis, etc. Keep in mind that the Arabs control 99.9% of the Middle East lands. Israel only represents one-tenth of one percent of the Middle East territories (landmass). But that’s too much for the Arabs. They want it all. And that is ultimately what the fighting is all about today. They are (a peoples) full of greed, pride, envy and covetousness”.

 

 Bet She’ an – Another Roman Decapolis City

 

Located east of Mount Gilbo’a and the Yizre’el Valley, Bet She’an was another Roman Decapolis city we visited. Twenty percent of the ancient city has been built over by modern architecture, shops, malls and housing. When the discovery was made, Israeli authorities began digging and found an amazingly preserved city halting and detouring some local construction projects. What is visible today is every bit as remarkable as Jerash situated north of Ammon, Jordan. Complete with a large Roman theatre, bath houses and Temples, this city is a “must see” for those touring Israel. Still a current archeological dig site, preservation efforts continue today making it possible for visitors to see the former grandeur associated with life under Roman influence in Israel.

 

Our tour group gathered in the impressive Roman theatre listening to our guide deliver a little history of this ancient metropolis. Since I had been here once before and I knew that time was going to be short, I asked Hela, our guide, if Renée and I could split off from the group giving us opportunity to see much more of these impressive ruins. The site was huge and as we walked briskly through the ruins, I gave Renée some explanation of sites along the way. We took many photographs of the ruins and each other posing alongside impressive columns, marble stairways and ancient temple structures. There was an amazing diversity of materials used to build and fortify structures through different periods of time. This city showed evidence of several ancient cultures inhabiting the area through the Byzantine era. The quality of some of these structures was well preserved by being buried for many centuries. Those structures which remained above ground showed century’s old deterioration.

 

Like many of the ancient Roman ruins we had already visited, this city showed the obvious signs of heavy earthquake damage. As previously mentioned in this Special Edition series, the entire region sits on the world’s largest fault line; the Syrian-African rift. Walking down the stone paved Roman road, we could see a Tel (hill) at the end of the avenue. At the top of this hill was the pagan Temple of Diana. Time did not permit us to make the long trek up to the top but we were able to see that the Temple of Diana was a prominent feature of this city’s landscape. One area we walked through showed what much of the city looked like before it was uncovered. Fallen, broken columns strewn all about with their Roman and Corinthian capitols lying where they had fallen so many centuries prior. I paused briefly and considered the rise and fall of empires taking note how complete the destruction of a once flourishing society can become. Be it by direct acts of God or a combination of nature and God’s will the words of Christ come alive as you walk through ancient ruins like these. So complete was the foretold destruction.

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Matthew 24:1-2 “And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his disciples came to him for to show him the buildings of the temple. And Jesus said unto them, “See ye not all these things? Verily I say unto you, there shall not be left here one stone upon another that shall not be thrown down.”

 

Circling through the ruins on our way back to the Park entrance, we stopped for a closer look at the Roman bathhouses and to get some more photos before the sun dipped too low. The bathhouse complex here at Bet She’an was the best preserved facility we had seen yet. On the back side of the communal steam rooms was an ancient public toilet facility. The signage tells us that channels of water flowed continuously beneath the seating area carrying away wastes. Twigs and soft leaves were used in the same manner that we use toilet paper today. These kinds of bathhouse facilities also included an exercise area and were available to the Roman public. More well-to-do citizens enjoying privileged lifestyles like senators usually had their own private facilities inside their homes and palaces incorporating the same amenities as found in public places. The flooring was generally made of Marble and the stone walls were always covered in thick plaster oftentimes richly painted in fresco designs depicting sharp and vibrant colors illustrating common cultural themes.

 

Renée and I discovered evidence of Christianity’s presence near the public bathhouses. On the backside of the bathhouses we saw remnants of what looked like the walls of a church structure with Greek inscriptions carved into floor stones and a beautifully preserved Byzantine cross frescoed on one of the convexed shaped window ports. The cross was painted a vibrant red with painted green olive branches on both sides of the cross. We also saw a number of ornately decorated flooring designs in colorful mosaic tile common in many ruins. Recognizing it was time to meet up with our group near the park entrance, Renée and I hurried back picking up some moderately sized pottery shards along the path.

 

We met our group gathered around a large model of Bet She’an depicting what the city environs looked like back in the first century. As Hela was describing various structures indicating Roman and Byzantine periods, she said, “Though we know they’re were people settled here during the Byzantine period, we have not yet found evidence of a Byzantine church.” My eyebrows raised at her statement as I excitedly prompted Renée to hand me the camera. I quickly turned it on scrolling through the most recent photos finding the one we captured of the Byzantine cross. I walked around the group and with my camera held out, interrupting her briefly saying, “I found evidence of a church.” She looked at the picture we had taken and in astonishment replied, “Well, it looks like Nick has found evidence of a church.” “Where did you find that?” she asked. I pointed out on the model of the city where we found it as tour members began gathering around me wanting to see the digital photo image. Pastor Noah Hutchings also came up to me wanting to see the photo and after showing him, grinning widely he asked how he might get a copy of that image. I assured him I would email it to him after our return to the States. After confessing he had been here 52 times never seeing that cross, he congratulated me and we headed out of the park to board our bus.

 

Departing Bet She’an, we headed into the Galilee region expecting to arrive in Tiberias well after dark. Not far out of town we were delayed by a fatal accident just ahead of our location on the highway. With the road blocked by emergency vehicles we sat and waited patiently. We all prayed for those involved in the accident and two doctors touring with us went to see if they could render assistance. A small commercial truck collided head on with a small passenger vehicle sending the car over an embankment killing one and seriously injuring two other persons. Traffic accidents are horrible in any country. As narrow as many of the roads are in Israel, I was surprised not to have seen more such accidents on my two tours of Israel. I am always impressed by the advanced skill the tour bus operators exhibit navigating in and around congested traffic and narrow city streets and corridors. Because driving in a foreign land can be difficult under good conditions, I strongly recommend anyone desiring to visit Jordan and Israel to travel with a respected group or church organization like Southwest Radio Church Ministry. Traveling in groups substantially decreases the cost of travel, adds security in numbers and almost always affords you the opportunity to enjoy first class accommodation, service and cuisine. Such groups usually have strong relationships with preferred tour guides giving one the feeling of “family” as you spend a couple weeks traveling together.

 

Tiberias and Galilee  

 

Arriving late in Tiberias, we gathered in the lobby of the Sheraton Hotel to claim our luggage and room keys while enjoying some refreshment. The Sheraton was going to be our home for three days while we toured about Galilee. As we waited to hear our names called, I looked over my shoulder towards the two familiar gift shops I did business with in 2006. I was looking forward to seeing my friends who own and operate these gift stores located inside the ground floor lobby of the Tiberias Sheraton. As I peered over, I saw one of them just behind the counter completing a transaction. He looked up seeing our crowd gathering in the lobby and instantly recognizing me, left his station and came out to greet me. As we hugged and gave each other greetings of peace, his uncle who owned the shops also recognizing me came over to greet us. I introduced my daughter Renée and several other members in our tour group before we headed for our hotel room.

 

After dinner, Renée and I went back to our room to freshen up a bit before heading out for a walk on the town. Tiberias is warm and inviting little city complete with modern amenities intermixed between ancient ruins of mosques and Byzantine churches located on the western shores of the Sea of Galilee. In front of our hotel is a park and garden displaying various antiquities; fragmented roman columns, capitols, stone grinding mills and statues. There was also an ancient mosaic flooring depicting early roman culture under a sheltered breezeway surrounded by a kind of rock garden. The park is bordered by various flowering shrubs and trees indigenous to the Galilee region and at one corner is a functional modern miniature of a Roman style theatre stage with rows of seating facing the stage. Even small replicas of these theatre designs produce the same high quality acoustic value that larger ones do. I assume that this little theatre probably serves as a gathering place for worship groups visiting Tiberias. I demonstrated its amazing sound quality for Renée before moving on.

 

The Sabbath ended at 5pm earlier that evening bringing throngs of people out into the streets to party and celebrate. There was music on several street corners, young people dancing and vendors selling. The festive celebrations seemed to go on all evening as we heard the music from our hotel room deep into the night. As Renée and I walked about the town we “window shopped” and watched people enjoying the post Sabbath festivities.

 

Not wishing to be out too late, we headed back to our hotel room and kicked our feet up on our beds to relax before retiring that evening. As I enjoyed a couple glasses of wine, Renée seeing that I was relaxed began telling me of something she had done prior to making the pilgrimage with me to Israel. She goes on to tell me that she had joined the United States Navy under the deferred enlistment program. Needless to say – I WAS SHOCKED! Not wishing to loose my composure but filled with shaken emotions I began questioning her about her decision. I could tell she was very nervous about telling me this news as we had discussed it prior at my son’s high school graduation dinner last spring. I was not in favor of it then and was even more against it now with the uncertainty of America’s war interests in the Middle East under the upcoming Obama administration. I didn’t raise my children to become Government Issue Property serving political interests.

We talked until she fell into a slumber. Agitated, I turned on the TV switching to CNN International. A Breaking News bulletin that Hamas had broken the cease-fire agreement by firing two dozen rockets from the Gaza strip into several southern Israeli towns was reported and one of many of President Elect Obama’s news conferences had him making statements in support of a Palestinian State, effectually dividing up Israel. As I pondered my daughter’s confession, my emotions were even more stirred by CNN’s newscast. It took me a while to calm myself that evening so I made a long distance call to my other daughter and son stateside letting them know we were ok, having fun and hoping everything was well at home. It was 3am Galilee time and the music on the streets below still filled the air. Only after spending some time in prayer was I finally able to sleep that night.

 

Captain Sails the Galilee

 

I awoke just before sunrise that morning feeling refreshed despite the fact that I had only slept about three hours. After brewing a pot of that wonderfully strong Israeli coffee, I ventured out on the lanai for early Morning Prayer and reflection. As the sun was rising I gazed across the Sea of Galilee pondering Jesus’ earthly ministry in the region. The streets below were quiet and absent of the festive crowds that filled them only a couple hours earlier. Just to the north of my view I saw one of the Galilean tour boats being towed into a nearby anchorage, thinking to myself, “that’s the kind of work I do.” This thought led to an idea…

 

Our day was going to begin with a sail out on the Sea of Galilee. I had brought with me one of my Captain’s uniforms and thought just maybe, I would get to run the tour boat for a while if I introduced myself as a US Merchant Marine Officer to the boat’s captain. The wake-up call came and I went to jostle Renée out of bed. As she got ready with her morning routine I pondered her confession the night before and realized that the choices in her life were completely hers and I had to find a level of acceptance with that. God reminds me that she is of the age of accountability and all decisions regarding her life were now between her and God. I could only resign the matter of her US Navy enlistment to prayer and hope that something good would come of her experience in a branch of the US Armed Forces. Like it or not, I had to accept that she was an adult and no longer under my direct care and tutelage. I’ve heard it said before that one of the hardest things for a parent to do is “letting go.”

 

After breakfast, our group gathered in front of the hotel and we all walked down to the promenade along the waterfront heading to our tour boat. Walking down the ramp to the dock, I saw the name of our boat, “Faith.”  A stout wooden vessel with cedar planked hull and deck accented with teak rails and bulwarks. Outfitted with a single gaff-rigged foremast and powered with a Detroit diesel, she looked well cared for. Soon after boarding we headed away from the dock. Captain Daniel Carmel orders the raising of both the American and Canadian flags to their respective National Anthems honoring both countries being represented in our tour group.

 

I did not tell Renée of my intentions and walked aft to meet the Captain standing at the helm. After introducing myself as a licensed Captain, Daniel Carmel offered me the helm and I was delighted to oblige. I jested with the group asking all, “who wants to go fishing?” Captain Daniel Carmel had planned his own surprise for our group and my taking the helm gave him an opportunity to address our group telling stories of Jesus’ earthly ministry being centered on the Galilee region. He then sang some beautiful praise and worship music while underway. Daniel has a beautiful voice and the music was truly heart rendering accompanied with background instrumentation by his First Mate, Rami Zarhin. While Daniel led the group in some familiar praise songs, another member of his crew provided me navigational direction to our destination. I truly enjoyed myself behind the helm and was comfortable at my temporarily assigned station grinning ear to ear the whole time. We were headed a few short miles north of Tiberias to the Jesus Boat Museum. After about 30 minutes at the helm I offered it back to the Captain so that I could take some photographs of the area we were transiting. Our tour guide Hela carried on with further explanation of Christ’s ministry discussing Peter’s fishing vocation, the “walking on water” account as well as pointing out the location of the many towns surrounding the Sea of Galilee that Jesus and His disciples visited and dwelled in. The next three days would have us visiting these biblically significant locations.

 

On my 2006 tour to Israel with Noah Hutchings we transited on a similar vessel named, “Matthew.” That particular boat’s crew demonstrated the typical fishing methods used on the Galilee during the first century period. The crewman pulled out a cast net with floats attached along the top edge and weights secured to a “lead-line” along the bottom edge of the net similar to Indian gill-nets still used in America today. He showed us how a fisherman typically arranges and handles the net on deck and then casting it out over one side of the boat letting the net’s lead-line sink forming a barrier which fish might swim into getting their gills caught trapping them. Visible movement of the floats on the surface indicates fish caught in the cast net.

 

John 21:5-6 Then Jesus saith unto them, “Children, have ye any meat?” They answered him, “No.”  And he said unto them, “Cast the net on the right side of the ship, and ye shall find.” They cast therefore, and now they were not able to draw it for the multitude of fishes… John 21:10-11 Jesus saith unto them “Bring of the fish which ye have now caught.” Simon Peter went up, and drew the net to land full of great fishes, an hundred and fifty and three: and for all there were so many, yet was not the net broken.

 

There are two species of Tilapia common to the Galilee that are still to this day a popular food staple. Known as “Saint Peter’s Fish,” the “Sarotherodon galilaeus” is the more common variety and available in shore side restaurants located around the Sea of Galilee. The St. Peter’s fish is a spiny-finned creature with large scales and an elongated dorsal fin across its back. While dining for lunch at a popular restaurant in 2006, my fish, deep fried and served whole, came with a five-sheckle coin in its mouth reminding me of the “tax offering.” Matthew 17:27 “But, lest we cause them to stumble, go thou to the sea, and cast a hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a shekel: that take, and give unto them for me and thee.”

  

The above mentioned account in the Book of John 21 mentions a total number of 154 fish. Jesus had one grilling over an open fire on the beach and Peter and his brothers captured a total number of 153 fish without breaking the net. Pastor Noah Hutchings shared his compelling belief that numbers in the Bible are all significant and relevant to prophetic events coming to pass in the future. Noah believes that the number of fish in this account is representative of the Jewish remnant to be saved in the end of days and of the surviving Gentile Nations. He points out that there will be surviving nations in the New Millennial reign of Christ because the Revelation to John tells us so. Noah believes that the one fish which Jesus was cooking over the fire is representative of the Jewish remnant that will be saved and the 153 fish that Peter caught in the net are representative of the surviving gentile nations that will participate in the New Millennial reign of Christ.  

 

After our onboard bible study, Daniel’s crew broke out a table and laid upon it some gift items, jewelry and copies of his CD, “The Fishermen from Galilee featuring his beautiful music. I purchased a few items including his music as I was very impressed by his musical presentation. Listening to his lovely music while out on the water made the experience even that much more memorable. After docking, I invited the Captain to come out with me on my rescue boat if he should ever find his way to Tacoma, WA while on tour. Talented musicians like Daniel often do small music tours to the US visiting various churches around America willing to host them. Daniel said he looks forward to that and we bid each other shalom as Renée and I disembarked to go visit the Jesus Boat Museum.

 

Walking onto the grounds of the museum, we saw what I would describe as an anchor garden. Sitting amidst the flower gardens were a number of ancient stone anchors that were commonly used through the Greek and Roman periods. A typical anchor was a roughly hewn stone often shaped like an obelisk or teardrop with a bored hole through the upper quarter of the stone through which heavy rope was secured. Many such stone anchors are commonly found from the Mediterranean coast to the shores of Galilee.

 

Preserving Galilee’s Maritime Heritage

 

Upon entering the museum we were led to a viewing room where a short video documentary gives an account of the discovery of an ancient Galilean fishing boat that was found buried under the shoreline sediments hidden for nearly 2000 years. The discovery was made in 1986 by two brothers from Kibbutz Ginosaur. A severe drought that year caused the waters of the lake to recede thus exposing the long forgotten craft. Careful excavation revealed a fair portion of the vessel’s hull exposing the rough cut keel and its curved interior bracing (ribs) used to fasten the ship’s planking. The vessel is now on display at the museum in a vacuum sealed glass casing protecting it from deterioration. This discovery takes much of the guess work out of the investigative sciences to determine the shape, size and type of vessels used by Peter and his brethren who fished the Galilee during the time of Christ. It is believed that such a vessel had a single gaff-rigged mast for a sail located in the center of the boat and was large enough to accommodate about 12 to 14 persons or half a dozen men and their fishing nets and catch. Such vessels were also powered by oarsmen when wind was contrary or insufficient to fill the sail.

 

The Israel Antiquities Authority in conjunction with many excited volunteers rescued the craft in a remarkable 11 day excavation. The excavators then carefully packaged the weakened waterlogged hull in a casing of fiberglass and polyurethane foam and then floated it to the nearby Yigal Allon Center. There, it underwent extensive restoration processes lasting a period of 11 years before it was put on permanent display in 2000 AD at the museum, (Yigal Allon Center), most refer to as the “Jesus Boat Museum.”

 

The Galilean boat is 8.2 meters long (26.9 ft.) with a beam of 2.3 meters (7.5 ft.) and a depth of 1.2 meters (3.9 ft.). It is built in the Mediterranean style ‘shell-based’ construction utilizing pegged mortise and tennon joints to edge-join the hulls planking. A combination of iron nails and staples were used to fasten planks and keel members to hull planking. As a mariner and current owner of a classic wood yacht, this vessel’s hull construction and wood type was of great interest to me.

 

The mortise and tennon joints were locked in place with tapered hardwood pegs typical of ancient style shipwright building. Frames made from naturally curved (as opposed to steam-curved) tree crooks and branches made mainly of oak provided transverse support. The planking, mainly made of cedar, was then fastened using straight iron nails having square, round or octagonal shafts. Parts of the stem, sternpost as well as some internal and topside stiffening members appear to have been deliberately removed. The hull’s shape maintained a deep rounded stern and fine bow.

 

By the perplexing variety of woods used in the vessel’s construction, it appears that the boat had a long service and was repaired a number of times during its life. Scientists found a dozen different wood types used to keep the vessel floating and functional. Its keel was made of three different woods, Carob, Christ’s thorn and Cedar. Most all of the planking was constructed of Cedar with one large plank on its port bulwarks having been replaced with Aleppo Pine and smaller patches done with Sycamore. Most of the craft’s rough-cut ribs were made of Tabor oak while repaired sections were replaced by Willow, Hawthorn, and Judas tree, Atlantic terebinth, Laurel and Plane tree. It appears that though this vessel was originally built by a shipwright, its owners had used whatever materials were made available to them at the time to effect necessary repairs. Absent of its decking, bulwarks and cap rails, it is believed that the vessel was partially dismantled for use in construction of another boat of its time period.

 

The vessel was discovered with a ceramic oil lamp in its interior and a cooking pot outside its final resting place. Carbon testing of all three relics puts the age of the vessel at the 1st century BC thru the 1st century AD. This boat was most likely used for fishing and/or transport of cargo. In the years of service this boat plied the waters of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) it likely had seen much history unfold. The thriving lakeside communities that employed such vessels not only witnessed the ministry of Jesus but also took part in the Jewish revolt against the Romans in the nautical Battle of Migdal in 67AD. The following two separate accounts record the use of vessels like the one discovered here in a town just north of Tiberias.

 

Luke 5:1-7 “And it came to pass, that, as the people pressed upon him to hear the word of God, he stood by the lake of Gennesaret, And saw two ships standing by the lake: but the fishermen were gone out of them, and were washing their nets. And he entered into one of the ships, which was Simon's, and prayed him that he would thrust out a little from the land. And he sat down, and taught the people out of the ship. Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, “Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught.” And Simon answering said unto him, “Master, we have toiled all the night, and have taken nothing: nevertheless at thy word I will let down the net.” And when they had this done, they enclosed a great multitude of fishes: and their net broke. And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink.”

 

Prior to the destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem in 70 AD, the Roman legions led by Vespesian and Titus initiated a campaign against Galilee crushing the Jewish resistance there. The Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus records how after seizing Tiberias, Titus overcame the city of Tarichae (ancient Migdal & Magdala), which was only a short distance away from where this boat was discovered. Josephus graphically describes that in the great sea battle, many craft were destroyed and thousands of Jews slain:

 

“Thus pursued, the Jews could neither escape to land, where all were in arms against them, nor sustain a naval battle on equal terms. For their skiffs were small and built for piracy and were no match for rafts, and the men on board were so few that they dare not to come to grips with the dense ranks of the Roman enemy. Some tried to break through, but the Romans could reach them with their lances, killing others by leaping upon the backs and passing their swords through their bodies; sometimes as the rafts closed in, the Jews were caught in the middle and captured along with their vessels. So these wretches died on every side in countless numbers and in every possible way… One could see the whole lake stained with blood and crammed with corpses, for not a man escaped.”

 

Prior to the discovery of this boat, only artistic renderings gave us vague clues as to the style, shape and design of these Galilean vessels. It is amazing that such perishable materials as wood and iron could have been so well preserved through two millennia. Such a find not only aids in our understanding of biblical times but also adds to the confirmation of historical witness and testimonies left behind for us to comprehend by men like Flavius Josephus and the Apostles along with their scribes who recorded for us a legacy that shall be remembered for all time. Whether you are a Jew or of Gentile background, let no one forget that our ancestors were a part of this often violent and bloody history. May it be for us an example of things which we must strive to avoid in current times lest we be numbered among those who shall not endure in the last Day of Judgment.

 

After seeing the boat, we spent time shopping in the museum’s gift shop where I purchased a beautifully crafted Shofar and certified set of ancient coins complete with a certificate of authenticity representing some 1500 years from the 9th  century BC thru the 6th century AD illustrating the turbulent history of this hotly contested region.

Ancient Coins of Biblical Lands

 

The Nabataean were Arabs, originally nomads, who controlled the spice trade in the region. Their apogee was under Aretas IV ca. 9 BC – 40 AD. In 106 AD they were incorporated into the Roman Empire as Provincia Arabia. The coin is bronze and about the size of a dime depicting Arabic symbols.

 

Ptolemy one of five successors to Alexander the Great, ruled Egypt founding the Ptolemaic dynasty, of which Cleopatra was the most famous. The library in Alexandria was founded by Ptolemy II, Philadelphus, 308 – 246 BC. About the size of a nickel, one side depicts the head image of Ptolemy II.

 

Seleucus was another of Alexander’s successors who ruled Syria founding the Seleucid dynasty. Many of the small bronzes from this era have a serrated edge though my coin is much worn, parts of the serrated edge can still be seen.

 

The Maccabeans wrested control of Eretz Yisrael from Antiochus, the Hellenistic Seleucid ruler who tried to impose pagan beliefs on the children of Israel. The Jewish victory is celebrated each year during the festival of Chanukah. Smaller than a dime, this bronze piece depicts Greek inscriptions on both sides of the coin.

 

The Herodians succeeded the Maccabeans after a civil war from 40 – 37 BC. Herod the Great was famous for being a prolific builder. The Second Temple in Jerusalem and monumental works in many pagan cities are among his greatest achievements. Known for his extreme cruelty, he ordered the “slaughter of the innocents” upon hearing that a boy was born in the town of Bethlehem that would become King of the Jews. This coin like many depicts his image on one side, is thicker than most coins and made of bronze.

 

The Romans ruled from the 1st century BC until the 4th century AD. They authorized a local minting in the 1st century BC thru the 1st century AD. Some of the most common coins in Israel are dated from the 4th and 5th century AD.

 

Common City Coins are an expression of the degree of autonomy enjoyed by local cities that maintained the status of roman colonies. These coins were all bronze depicting a portrait of the Emperor and various local motifs. The coin I have is in remarkable condition with good relief.

 

Roman Procurators of Judea struck coins for the local populace, which by and large, complied with religious sensitivities. The coin in my set was struck by Porcius Festus during Nero’s rule. The Emperor is represented by a wreath and the inscription, “of Nero” on one side. The other side depicts a palm branch which symbolizes one of the seven agricultural species indigenous to the land of Israel. This particular coin in my set, cast in bronze is of the best quality and image relief.

 

The Jewish War against the Romans in 66 – 70 AD is represented by a prutah depicting a vine leaf, one of Israel’s seven agricultural species and an amphora like the type used in the Temple. The inscription is nationalistic as is to be expected in a time of national emergency. The inscription on my coin reads in Hebrew, “Year three of the freedom of Zion.”

 

The Byzantine era started around 324 AD when the Emperor Constantine I adopted Christianity as the religion of the Roman Empire and ended in 638 AD with the ascendancy of Islam. Typical coins of this era depict many crosses and other forms of Christian symbolism of that period. The coin in my set is the smallest in my collection depicting the head image of Constantine on one side with another Roman figure on the backside surrounded by Christian symbols among which is the Byzantine Cross.

 

My Arab-Byzantine coin represents a transition period when the new religion, Islam was establishing its identity using an eclectic mix of motifs from the established cultures and fusing them in a way that would be seen as Islamic.

 

Islam ruled the region with a brief interregnum during the Crusades through many different dynasties, some Arab, some outsiders, who adopted Islam from around 638 AD until December 9, 1917 when General Allenby conquered Jerusalem leading to Israel’s independence after a short period of British rule. This particular coin’s relief depicts only Islamic symbols similar to those seen on various national flags today with Islamic ties.

 

As mentioned earlier in this Special Edition series, coins have been readily found throughout ancient ruins in Jordan and Israel. Where you meet with Palestinian vendors at such sites or Bedouins in places like Jerash and Petra, these coins are plentiful today. But caution should be exercised when dealing with these common street vendors because fakes or reproductions are often mixed in with authentic coins and it is easy to be fooled by the locals seeking to take your money. It is best to deal with reputable shop owners, especially those who support Christian causes and are involved with humanitarian efforts in Israel. Most ancient coins were cast in bronze and some in silver but the fakes will be made of copper or weaker pot metals forged in the back room of some less than honest Middle Easterner. There too is always the chance that your tourist dollars, if not wisely spent might go to the support of terrorist cells seeking Jihad against Jews and Americans. In any case, be careful where you spend your money and with whom you do business.

 

Leaving the museum, we boarded our bus and headed to the Sacred Heart Monastery. Owned and operated by the Franciscan sect of the Catholic Church, the site is located along a Galilean shoreline believed to be the place where Jesus preached the “Sermon on the Mount.” It is called the Mt. of Beatitudes today and boasts of lovely grounds filled with a variety of flora sweetening the air. Even if the location of this site is not accurate, one can be certain that the Beatitudes were delivered close to this general proximity. We took time to sit in the garden area and conduct a Bible study before splitting off for a bit to walk the beach looking for “heart-shaped” rocks common to this beach. Our guide, Hela challenged everyone in the group to see who could find the best heart shaped pebble off the beach. I was more interested in collecting the various miniature sea shells which were prolific on the shoreline. Quiet time on the rocky beach gave me an opportunity to consider one of the most significant speeches Jesus ever made.

Matthew 5:1-16 And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: and when he was set, his disciples came unto him: And he opened his mouth, and taught them, saying, “Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled. Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God. Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.  Rejoice, and be exceeding glad: for great is your reward in heaven: for so persecuted they the prophets which were before you. Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt has lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? It is thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men. Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid. Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it gives light unto all that are in the house.  Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.”

 

Not far from the Mount of Beatitudes is Tabga, the traditional site where Jesus was believed to have fed the five thousand with five loaves of bread and two fish. This too is one of those areas that tour guides and operators will tell you, “If this is not the exact place where this event took place then we know it was very near here.” Keep in mind that much of Christ’s ministry was spent wandering from place to place throughout the Galilean region. It is not necessarily critical that we know exactly “what spot” Jesus stood or what tree he rested under because it is Jesus’ testimony that bears witness of Christ not the perishable. Humanity often tends towards idolatrous worship of things and places as evidenced by the elaborate and ornate building structures covering such sites operated and controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. The Church structure located here is built over a rocky outcropping believed by the Roman Catholics to also be the place where Jesus commanded Peter to “Feed My sheep” as revealed in the John 21 account where Peter and his brothers caught the 153 fish.

 

John 21:12-17 Jesus said unto them “Come and dine.” And none of the disciples durst ask him, ‘who art thou?’ knowing that it was the Lord. Jesus then cometh, and taketh bread, and giveth them, and fish likewise. This is now the third time that Jesus showed himself to his disciples, after that he was raised from the dead. So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these?” He saith unto him, “Yea, Lord; thou know that I love thee.” He saith unto him, “Feed my lambs.” He saith to him again the second time, “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?” He saith unto him, “Yea, Lord; thou know that I love thee. He saith unto him, “Feed my sheep.” He saith unto him the third time, “Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me?” Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, “Lord, thou know all things; thou know that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, “Feed my sheep.”

 

We know that this is the region where all these biblical accounts took place and that in itself should be sufficient for mankind to consider and ponder as he visits the Holy Land. I spent as little time necessary inside Catholic structures and church buildings as they are more representative of Temples than anything holy. Do the scriptures not tell us that it is our bodies that became the new temple? Are we not the very temples in which the Holy Spirit dwells? After the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, a secret is revealed by the Holy Spirit in the Book of Hebrews. Consider this prayerfully and ask God yourself what its meaning is?  

 

Hebrews 9:2 “For there was a tabernacle prepared, the first, wherein were the candlestick, and the table, and the showbread; which is called the Holy place.” But, Hebrews goes on to reveal in verse 9:8 “The Holy Spirit this signifying, that the way into the holy place hath not yet been made manifest, while the first tabernacle is yet standing;”

 

The above is significant and should lead all who understand to cease in their unfruitful, traditional and religious practices and learn more to follow after the pattern of Jesus obeying the simplicity of His teachings. That is, “to worship Him in Spirit and Truth.”

That simple but profound selfless love was often exhibited in Christ’s many acts of compassion like the account of “five loaves feeding five thousand” at Tabga.

 

Matthew 14:15-21  And when it was evening, his disciples came to him, saying, “This is a desert place, and the time is now past; send the multitude away, that they may go into the villages, and buy themselves victuals.” But Jesus said unto them, “They need not depart; give ye them to eat.” And they say unto him, “We have here but five loaves, and two fishes.”  He said, “Bring them hither to me.” And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the grass, and took the five loaves, and the two fishes, and looking up to heaven, he blessed, and brake, and gave the loaves to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude. And they did all eat, and were filled: and they took up of the fragments that remained twelve baskets full. And they that had eaten were about five thousand men, beside women and children.

 

Christ’s compassion was not only exhibited in His many miracles but also in His teachings. Matthew 5:46-48 “For if ye love them which love you, what reward have ye? Do not even the publicans the same? And if ye salute your brethren only, what do ye more than others? Do not even the publicans so? Be ye therefore perfect, even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect. These are the things that make for us an example of what it means to worship God in spirit and truth.

END

Part Three

 

With all Sincerity and love for the truth and my scattered brethren abroad,

 

Nicholas A. Stivers – a God-fearing disciple, scribe and messenger                                                                  

http://nicholas-scrolls.com and http://cephasministry.com                                                                                                                          

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